George Rebane
[This is the transcript of my regular KVMR commentary broadcast on 27 January 2012. In it I gently introduce the beginnings of monetary utility and mention fair division algorithms about both of which I intend to expand in future posts.]
In last Tuesday’s State of the Union speech President Obama made clear that he will not run for re-election on his record – it would be a disaster if he did. With an historical congressional majority he has been able to pass all of his programs save the cap and trade bill which his own Democrats killed. In spite of this, the resulting numbers are damning.
At a little above 60%, the fraction of productive age Americans in the workforce, working or looking for work, is the lowest ever. Even with population growth, our economy has fewer jobs today than in January 2009. And this after the so-called stimulus spending has increased our national debt by over $4T or about 40% in just three years, and costing $1.5M for every job that the administration claims to have created. (Radio does not allow us to pause here for a minute or two to absorb this little statistic.) Putting a ribbon around the whole thing, our employment rate at 8.5% is still higher than the 7.9% than the President inherited, while the major costs of Obamacare, hanging tax hikes, and the new costly EPA regulations have yet to kick in. Running on his record is a definite no-no.
But not to worry, the political pyrotechnics locker is still chuck full of good stuff to loft into the air, there to create great eye candy in the sky, and take the voters’ mind off our real problems here on the ground. The first thing to launch is the ‘fair share’ argument for the vilified 1%, with poster child none other than leading Republican contender Mitt Romney.
The Value of Stereotyping
George Rebane
But if you understand the underpinnings of stereotyping, it can be a valuable tool in making all kinds of decisions, and also serve as a mirror for better understanding yourself. I was motivated to write this piece when recently reading Daniel Kahneman’s monumental Thinking, Fast and Slow which dances around the subject without getting into the nitty-gritty of it because of the little math involved. Kahneman, recent Nobelist and co-father of behavioral economics with the late Amos Tversky, is also a giant in the field of psychology. In that field stereotyping comes up under the forbidding label of representativeness (q.v. – which is short for quod vide or ‘which see’, and I’ve concluded that its modern version is simply ‘google it’.)
Stereotyping is the use of a template of characteristics that are thought to belong to members of a particular class more frequently than members of the general population of which the class is a subset. The template of characteristics is also known as the stereotypical characteristics like, say, a plastic pocket protector full of writing instruments more often seen in the shirt pockets of male engineers than in the pockets of other men.
Stereotyping has gotten a bad rap in our society, and its use is roundly criticized in the public forum. However, stereotyping, so as to assign or exclude someone from membership in a given class, is built in to almost every critter that lives on this planet. Why? Simply because it is a low cost survival technique that has evolved in all species to simplify quick decisions about the famous ‘Three F’ functions – feed, fight, or mount - important to everyone.
Now consider seeing a good looking woman, finely coiffed, beautifully dressed, and dripping with expensive jewelry, getting out of a chauffeured limousine in front of a fancy restaurant. You wonder if she’s a member of the currently notorious ‘1%’. More particularly, what are the chances (friendly word for ‘probability’) that she is a member of that exclusive class, given she has some of the stereotypical characteristics of that class that you just observed? If you had been facing the other way and your friend told you that a woman just got out a car behind you; then without seeing her, what would you answer if he mused whether the woman belonged to the '1%'?
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